PSYCHOLOGY TEST PREPARATION MCQS

Historical psychology MCQS

1. Who is considered the founder of modern psychology? a) Sigmund Freud b) William James c) Ivan Pavlov d) Wilhelm Wundt
2. Which psychological perspective focuses on the role of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences? a) Behaviorism b) Humanism c) Psychoanalysis d) Cognitive psychology
3. The first psychology laboratory was established by Wilhelm Wundt in which country? a) Germany b) United States c) England d) France
4. Who conducted the famous “Little Albert” experiment, demonstrating classical conditioning? a) B.F. Skinner b) Albert Bandura c) Ivan Pavlov d) John Watson
5. Who developed the hierarchy of needs theory in psychology? a) Carl Rogers b) Sigmund Freud c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
6. Who is known for the concept of operant conditioning and the Skinner box? a) B.F. Skinner b) Ivan Pavlov c) John Watson d) Sigmund Freud
7. Who proposed the theory of cognitive development, which includes the stages of sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational?  a) Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Lev Vygotsky
8. Who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment, highlighting the power of social roles and situational factors on behavior? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
9. Which psychological perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding the functioning of the brain and nervous system? a) Psychodynamic perspective b) Biological perspective c) Cognitive perspective d) Humanistic perspective
10. Who proposed the concept of the “collective unconscious” and developed analytical psychology? a) Carl Jung b) Alfred Adler c) Karen Horney d) Erik Erikson
11. Who is known for the concept of classical conditioning, which involves the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response? a) Sigmund Freud b) Ivan Pavlov c) B.F. Skinner d) Carl Rogers
12. Who developed the theory of psychosexual development, which includes stages such as oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital? a) Carl Jung b) Erik Erikson c) Sigmund Freud d) Abraham Maslow
13. Who conducted the “Bobo doll” experiment, demonstrating observational learning and social behavior?  a) Albert Bandura b) John Watson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Jean Piaget
14. Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development, which includes stages such as trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, and integrity vs. despair? a)B.F. Skinner b) Jean Piaget c) Erik Erikson d) Lev Vygotsky
15. Who is known for the concept of “self-actualization” and developed the humanistic perspective in psychology? a) Carl Rogers b) Sigmund Freud c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
16. Who conducted the famous obedience experiments, where participants were instructed to deliver electric shocks to a confederate? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
17. Who is known for the concept of “schemas” and his work on cognitive development in children? a) Jean Piaget b) Ivan Pavlov c) John Watson d) B.F. Skinner
18. Who developed the concept of “self-efficacy” and proposed the social-cognitive theory of personality? a) Carl Jung b) Albert Bandura c) Karen Horney d) Erik Erikson
19. Who is considered the father of behaviorism and conducted the “Little Albert” experiment? a) Sigmund Freud b) Carl Rogers c) Ivan Pavlov d) John Watson
20. Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which suggests that intelligence is not a single entity? a) Alfred Adler b) Howard Gardner c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Lev Vygotsky
21. Who is known for his hierarchy of cognitive development, which includes the stages of pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional morality? a) Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Lev Vygotsky
22. Who proposed the theory of attachment, emphasizing the importance of early caregiver-infant relationships? a) Mary Ainsworth b) B.F. Skinner c) John Bowlby d) Lev Vygotsky
23. Who conducted the famous conformity experiments, where participants were asked to judge line lengths? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
24. Who is considered the founder of humanistic psychology and developed client-centered therapy? a) Carl Rogers b) Sigmund Freud c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
25. Who developed the concept of “psychological egoism” and proposed that all human actions are motivated by self-interest? a) B.F. Skinner b) Carl Jung c) Sigmund Freud d) Friedrich Nietzsche
26. Who conducted the “Strange Situation” experiment to study attachment styles in infants? a) Mary Ainsworth b) Ivan Pavlov c) John Watson d) Albert Bandura
27. Who is known for his studies on obedience to authority, leading to the “shock” experiments? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
28. Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development, which includes stages such as identity vs. role confusion and intimacy vs. isolation? a) Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) Sigmund Freud d) Abraham Maslow
29. Who developed the theory of reciprocal determinism, highlighting the interplay between individuals, their behavior, and the environment? a) Carl Jung b) Albert Bandura c) Karen Horney d) Erik Erikson
30. Who is known for his work on cognitive dissonance theory, which explains the discomfort people feel when their attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent? a) B.F. Skinner b) Albert Ellis c) Carl Rogers d) Leon Festinger
31. Who is known for his studies on conformity, particularly the “line judgment” experiments? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
32. Who proposed the concept of “self-actualization” and emphasized the importance of personal growth and fulfillment? a) Carl Rogers b) Sigmund Freud c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
33. Who conducted the famous “prison experiment” to study the effects of perceived power and authority? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
34. Who developed the theory of psychosocial development, which includes stages such as autonomy vs. shame and doubt, and initiative vs. guilt? a) Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) Sigmund Freud d) Lev Vygotsky
35. Who is known for his studies on obedience to authority, particularly the “shock” experiments?  a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
36. Who proposed the concept of “self-efficacy” and emphasized the importance of personal beliefs in achieving success? a) Carl Jung b) Albert Bandura c) Karen Horney d) Erik Erikson
37. Who developed the theory of moral development, which includes stages such as pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional morality? a) Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Lev Vygotsky
38. Who is known for his work on the stages of cognitive development in children? a) Jean Piaget b) Ivan Pavlov c) John Watson d) B.F. Skinner
39. Who conducted the famous Bobo doll experiment, demonstrating observational learning and aggression. a) Albert Bandura b) John Watson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Jean Piaget
40. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance, which explains the discomfort people feel when their attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent? a) B.F. Skinner b) Albert Ellis c) Carl Rogers d) Leon Festinger
41. Who is known for his work on classical conditioning and the famous experiment involving dogs? a) B.F. Skinner b) Ivan Pavlov c) John Watson d) Sigmund Freud
42. Who proposed the concept of the “collective unconscious” and developed analytical psychology? a) Carl Jung b) Alfred Adler c) Karen Horney d) Erik Erikson
43. Who conducted the famous obedience experiments, where participants were instructed to deliver electric shocks to a learner? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
44. Who developed the concept of the “id,” “ego,” and “superego” in psychoanalytic theory. a) Carl Jung b) Erik Erikson c) Sigmund Freud d) Abraham Maslow.
45. Who is known for his work on the social learning theory, which emphasizes observational learning and modeling? a) Carl Rogers b) Sigmund Freud c) Albert Bandura d) Albert Ellis
46. Who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment, highlighting the power of social roles and situational factors on behavior?  a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
47. Who developed the theory of cognitive development, which includes the stages of sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational? a) Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Lev Vygotsky
48. Who is known for his work on the concept of “self-esteem” and the importance of positive regard in humanistic psychology? a) Carl Jung b) Carl Rogers c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
49. Who proposed the concept of the “zone of proximal development” and emphasized the role of social interactions in learning? a)Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Lev Vygotsky
50. Who is known for his work on the hierarchy of needs, which suggests that individuals are motivated by different levels of needs? a) Carl Rogers b) Sigmund Freud c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
51. Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development, which includes stages such as industry vs. inferiority and generativity vs. stagnation? a) Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) Sigmund Freud d) Lev Vygotsky
52. Who conducted the famous “Stanford Prison Experiment,” which explored the psychological effects of perceived power? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
53. Who developed the theory of cognitive dissonance, which explains the discomfort people feel when their attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent? a) B.F. Skinner b) Albert Ellis c) Carl Rogers d) Leon Festinger
54. Who conducted the famous Bobo doll experiment, which demonstrated the effects of observational learning and aggression? a) Albert Bandura b) John Watson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Jean Piaget
55. Who conducted the famous obedience experiments, where participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to others? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
56. Who is known for his work on the concept of “self-efficacy” and the social-cognitive theory of personality? a) Carl Jung b) Albert Bandura c) Karen Horney d) Erik Erikson
57. Who conducted the famous conformity experiments, where participants were asked to give incorrect answers in a group setting? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
58. Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis and developed theories on the unconscious mind and dream analysis? a) Carl Rogers b) Sigmund Freud c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
59. Who developed the theory of attachment and emphasized the importance of early caregiver-infant relationships? a) Mary Ainsworth b) B.F. Skinner c) John Bowlby d) Lev Vygotsky
60. Who conducted the famous “Bobo doll” experiment, which demonstrated the effects of observational learning and aggression? a) Albert Bandura b) John Watson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Jean Piaget
61. Who is known for his work on the concept of “schemas” and the stages of cognitive development in children? a) Jean Piaget b) Ivan Pavlov c) John Watson d) B.F. Skinner
62. Who proposed the concept of “self-esteem” and emphasized the importance of positive regard in humanistic psychology? a) Carl Jung b) Carl Rogers c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
63. Who conducted the famous obedience experiments, where participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to a learner? a) Philip Zimbardo b) Solomon Asch c) Stanley Milgram d) Kurt Lewin
64. Who is known for his work on the concept of “free will” and developed the theory of existential psychology? a) Carl Rogers b) Sigmund Freud c) Abraham Maslow d) Rollo May
65. Who is known for his work on the concept of “self-esteem” and the importance of positive regard in humanistic psychology? a) Carl Jung b) Carl Rogers c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
66. Who proposed the concept of “zone of proximal development” and emphasized the role of social interactions in learning? a) Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) Lawrence Kohlberg d) Lev Vygotsky
67. Who is known for his work on the concept of “self-efficacy” and the social-cognitive theory of personality? a) Carl Jung b) Albert Bandura c) Karen Horney d) Erik Erikson
68. Who is known for his work on the psychoanalytic theory and the development of defense mechanisms? a) Carl Rogers b) Sigmund Freud c) Abraham Maslow d) Albert Ellis
69. Who developed the theory of cognitive dissonance, which explains the discomfort caused by conflicting thoughts and beliefs? a) B.F. Skinner b) Albert Ellis c) Carl Rogers d) Leon Festinger
70. Who is known for his work on behaviorism and the concept of reinforcement schedules? a) B.F. Skinner b) Ivan Pavlov c) John Watson d) Sigmund Freud
71. Who proposed the concept of the “personal unconscious” and developed the theory of analytical psychology? a) Carl Jung b) Alfred Adler c) Karen Horney d) Erik Erikson